内务部、劳动部复关于因工负伤退职职工伤口复发的治疗费用等问题的函
作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-12 21:25:59 浏览:9378
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内务部、劳动部复关于因工负伤退职职工伤口复发的治疗费用等问题的函
内务部、劳动部复关于因工负伤退职职工伤口复发的治疗费用等问题的函
内务部、劳动部
函
四川省民政厅、劳动局：
1963年12月21日（63）民城救字第710号、12月27日（63）民城救字第745号来文均收悉。关于因工负伤退职职工伤口复发的治疗费用和全民所有制企业在转为集体所有制以前确定退职的家庭生活无依靠的老弱残职工是否由民政部门按本人原工资标准30％①进
行救济等问题，经我们研究，同意你们提出的意见。即：对于因工负伤退职职工伤口复发所需的治疗费用，由原处理单位负责。如果原单位已经合并，由合并后的单位负责；如果原单位已经撤消，由上一级主管单位负责。对于全民所有制企业在转为集体所有制前确定处理的1957年底以
前参加工作，家庭生活无依靠的老弱残职工，可以退职、退职后由民政部门按月发给救济费，救济费的标准为本人原工资标准39％②，作为本人的生活费用，他们的家属生活有困难的，另按照社会救济标准给予救济。此复。注①② 根据国务院（65）国内字224号文规定的救济费标
准已改为40％。
1964年1月24日
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我认为，体制就是相互影响和制约的体系。体制健康的基本要求是体制上每个元素的自我实现。任何一个元素不能自我实现均会造成体制弊病。
元素在体制上的自我实现也受体制束缚，元素只能在这种束缚下实现自我。体制总归是一些影响和制约的总和，对元素来讲，体制是外在力量，这种力量助长或者限制其自我实现。当然元素本身也构成体制的力量，作用和影响于其它元素的自我实现。
如果体制上某些元素难以自我实现，特别是这种难以实现主要源于体制上的束缚，就应考虑是否存有体制弊端；反之，如果体制上某些元素的自我实现超好，体制束缚太松，从而影响其它元素的自我实现，这也应考虑是否属于体制弊端。
体制健康应界定为所有元素的自我实现，也就是说体制上每一个元素的自我实现均处于理想状态，才构成一个健康的体制。
体制的优良与否应综合分析体制上所有元素的自我实现。
下面我以人体、一般社会组织体和司法体为例分析这些观点。
以人体为例，各个器官都要自我实现——器官功能的正常发挥即是器官的自我实现。任何一个器官不能自我实现都会使人体病变。人体健康在根本上要求所有元素的自我实现，并非只希求部分元素自我实现，而忽略其余。心肝肺脾功能各异，但是各自正常自我实现才构成健康的人体；眼耳口鼻手足都为脑所用，然而并无贵贱高低之分，任一元素不能不自我实现均可损害人体健康。所以健康的人体要求人体上任一元素都处于自我实现的状态，尽管各个元素自我实现的内容并不相同。
同时，元素的这种自我实现既需要体制的助长，也受体制的束缚。以胃为例，这个器官以消化食物为乐。如果正常消化，它是快乐和自我实现的。但是，它在体制上的自我实现必须依靠心脏供给血液等等，人体上的其它元素为它的自我实现创造了条件，可以说只有在人体之中，胃才成其为胃。同时，胃又不能过于自我实现。如果消化功能超强，一胃独大，势必加重心脏负担，削弱大脑的血液供给等等，一定会影响其它元素的自我实现，从而产生体制病变。所以，胃只有在这种助长和制约的适度空间下，充分实现自我又不影响其它器官的自我实现，自身才最为舒适，人体也最为健康。所以体制的助长和束缚力应在元素自我实现的层面实现均衡，这样元素和体制都将处于舒适自然的状态。两者的紧密联系是：所有元素的自我实现促进了人体的均衡健康，这种均衡又反过来保证了所有元素的自我实现。
在社会上，同样有很多体制可以相对分析。
在企业单位，从领导到普通员工，就形成了一个体系。单位内部不同的科室和部门也形成一个体系。它们正像人体上的器官，都有自己的功能。所有元素的自我实现就是整个体制健康的基本要求。
董事长可以坐在舒适的办公室处理公司事务，而技术工人可以在脏累的车间辛苦劳作，如果两者均自我实现，那么他们就都是快乐的，尽管工作环境、内容和权限有很大不同。相反，如果董事长不断的对一线工人指手划脚，以致于工人无所适从成为附属，如果工人不能自我实现，只剩下董事长的自我实现，那么，这一体制就存有弊端。如果能压缩董事长自我实现空间，保障一线工人正常的自我实现，这一体制将改良。所有元素的自我实现是体制健康的基本要求。
在不同级别的组织机构之间也存在这个关系。比如上级行政机关与下级行政机关构成的行政体制中，如果上级行政机关太强，以致于影响和制约了下级行政机关的自我实现，就会出现下级成为上级的附属。从而体制呆板，没有活性和创造力，处于病态。如果上下级都能充分自我实现，整个国家行政体就是一个健康的体制。
在法院系统也是如此。从最高院到最基层人民法院每一级法院都是法院系统上的一个元素。这一系统是否健康要考察每一个元素的自我实现。如果只是上级法院发号司令，下级法院只需要服从，或者说上级法院自我实现能力超好，以致于下级法院成为附属，体制应界定为不良。比如，一审法院案件审理过程中向二审法院请示案件的处理，然后按照二审的指示处结。在这里一审法院的自我实现被削弱，案件本该由其自行审判不应由二审法院做出指示。但是基于上下级法院以及办案法官个人利害等因素的制约，使一审成为二审的附属，上下级法院的这种关系应界定为体制弊病。因为它缺少一审法院的自我实现，尽管请示也是其“情愿”。
在体制内不同元素的权限定然有异，但它们自我实现的需求并无差异。下级法院本就受制于上级法院，但是他们完全可以在各自职责范围内自我实现并快乐着。否则，就是一个失衡有病需要改变的体制。
司法体制改革的目标应当是自上而下所有元素的自我实现。不仅仅是各级法院机关，而且应当是从最高院首席大法官到最基层法院最一线的审判员，体制应创造条件让他们自我实现。各级法院所有法官的自我实现是司法体制健康的基本要求，司法体制的健康也必能促进前者的自我实现。
如果在我们的审判体制上只少数人能够很好的自我实现，大多数人则成为附属，没有自我，不能发挥正常的功能，那么这就是一个需要改变的体制。我之追求正是体制上所有元素的自我实现，尽管他们各有自己不同的权限和功能，而这正好能促进体制之健康。
我由体制是元素对体制的服从，体制由我是元素的自我实现。所有元素的自我实现是体制健康的基本要求。而健康的体制又为所有元素的自我实现创造了条件。评价一个体制就要看是不是体制上所有元素均自我实现。如果体制有弊端，改进一个体制也是为了促进体制上所有元素的自我实现。如果所有元素均自我实现，体制就将均衡健康没有弊病。
因而体制上所有元素的自我实现是一件很重要的事情，我们分析研究体制时应密切关注体制上所有元素的自我实现。
国务院
中华人民共和国进口货物许可制度暂行条例(附英文)
1984年1月10日，国务院
第一条 为了加强进口贸易的计划管理，提高经济效益，更好地为社会主义现代化建设服务，特制定本条例。
第二条 中华人民共和国实行进口货物许可制度。凡属本条例规定凭证进口的货物，除国家另有规定者外，都必须事先申请领取进口货物许可证，经由国家批准经营该项进口业务的公司办理进口订货。海关凭进口货物许可证和其他有关单证查验放行。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部代表国家统一签发进口货物许可证。
省级对外经济贸易管理部门，在对外经济贸易部规定的范围内，可以签发本省、自治区、直辖市进口货物许可证。
对外经济贸易部也可以授权派驻主要口岸的特派员办事处，在规定的范围内签发进口货物许可证。
第四条 经国家批准，可以经营进口业务的各类公司，都必须严格按照批准的经营范围和进口商品目录办理进口业务。
前款公司中的外贸专业进出口总公司、部属进出口公司、省级人民政府所属进出口公司进口的货物，除国家限制进口者外，免领进口货物许可证，海关凭有关进口单证查验放行。其他公司进口货物，都必须申请领取进口货物许可证，海关凭进口货物许可证和有关单证查验放行。
禁止未经批准经营进口业务的部门、企业自行进口货物。
第五条 根据国家规定，经国务院有关部委或省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，对外签订的来料加工、来件装配、补偿贸易、承包工程的协议、合同项下的进口货物，没有超出批准项目范围的，免领进口货物许可证。但是，补偿贸易、承包工程项下进口国家限制进口的货物，以及来?
霞庸ぁ⒗醇芭湎钕陆诘牧稀⒓蚣庸さ某善罚枰谙模急匦肷昵肓烊〗诨跷镄砜芍ぁ?
第六条 进口国家限制进口的货物，不分进口方式、外汇来源、进口渠道，都必须按照国家规定的审批权限，报经主管部门和归口审查部门审核批准，由订货单位凭批准证件申请领取进口货物许可证。
国家限制进口货物的品种，由对外经济贸易部根据国家规定统一公布、调整。
第七条 下列进口，不属于前条第二款品种范围的，免领进口货物许可证：
一、经国家批准，可以经营进出口业务的各类公司，在进出口贸易中，购进的或接受外商免费提供的货样；
二、科研、教育、文化、体育、医药、卫生部门经对外经济贸易部、省级对外经济贸易管理部门或对外经济贸易部驻口岸特派员办事处批准，自行在国外购买国际市场价格在五千美元以下的急需的业务用品；
三、厂矿企业经对外经济贸易部、省级对外经济贸易管理部门或对外经济贸易部驻口岸特派员办事处批准，自行在国外购买国际市场价格在五千美元以下的生产急需的机电仪配件；
四、经国家特别批准进口的商品。
前款第二项、第三项、第四项进口物品，海关凭批准的证件查验放行。
第八条 前条第一款第二项、第三项自行购买的物品，国际市场价格超过规定限额的，必须申请领取进口货物许可证。
前条第一款第二项、第三项以外的机关、团体，自行在国外购买急需物品进口，也必须申请领取进口货物许可证。
第九条 中外合资经营企业生产所需物资，国内不能供应的，可以委托有关外贸公司向国外订购，也可以在该企业经营范围内自行进口。申请领取进口货物许可证的范围、手续，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例》第六十三条的规定办理。
第十条 在下列情况下，对外经济贸易部不签发或撤销已经签发的进口货物许可证：
一、国家决定停止进口或暂停进口的货物；
二、不符合国家对外政策的进口货物；
三、不符合有关双边贸易协定、支付协定内容的进口货物；
四、不符合国家卫生部门、农牧渔业部门规定的药品、食品、动植物、农产品、畜产品、水产品的卫生标准、检疫标准的进口货物；
五、其他有损国家利益或违法经营的进口货物。
第十一条 申请领取进口货物许可证，必须持有厅、局级以上单位的公函，并提交经主管部门和归口审查部门批准进口的证件。申请内容包括进口货物名称、规格、数量、金额、用途、进口国别、外汇来源、对外成交单位等项目。经发证机关审核，符合规定的，予以签发进口货物许可
证。
申请单位领取进口货物许可证，必须如实申报，不得弄虚作假。违者，追究责任。
第十二条 进口货物许可证的有效期限为一年。货物在有效期限内没有进口，领证单位可以向发证机关申请展期，发证机关可以根据合同规定相应延长许可证有效期限。
第十三条 违反本条例规定，事先没有申请领取许可证而擅自进口货物的，海关可以没收货物或责令退运；经发证机关核准补证进口的，海关可以酌情处以罚款后放行。伪造、涂改、转让进口货物许可证的，海关按照海关法规的有关规定处理。
第十四条 经济特区进口供特区内使用的货物，按照经济特区的特别规定办理；经济特区运往内地的进口货物、特区产品，都应当按照本条例规定执行。
第十五条 本条例由对外经济贸易部负责解释；施行细则由对外经济贸易部会同海关总署制定。
第十六条 本条例自发布之日起施行。
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THELICENCING SYSTEM FOR IMPORT COMMODITIES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
LICENCING SYSTEM FOR IMPORT COMMODITIES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 10, 1984)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated to strengthen planning and administration
of imports, and to upgrade the economic efficiency, so as to facilitate
the construction of socialist modernization.
Article 2
The People's Republic of China implements the licencing system for import
commodities. With respect to all those commodities subject to a licence
for import as stipulated in these Regulations, except as otherwise
provided by the state, an application must be filed in advance for
obtaining an import licence, and the import order for the required
commodities shall be handled by a company approved by the state to be
engaged in the import business of the said commodities. The Customs shall
give clearance against the import licences and other relevant documents.
Article 3
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of the People's
Republic of China shall, on behalf of the state, be responsible for the
unified issue of the import licences. The departments of foreign economic
relations and trade at the provincial level may, within the scope of
competence prescribed by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, issue import licences related to the importation of the respective
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
may also authorize its accredited representatives' offices stationed at
the main ports to issue, within the prescribed scope of competence, the
import licences.
Article 4
Various categories of companies that have been approved by the state to
engage in import business must handle the import business operations
strictly in accordance with the approved scope of business and with the
catalogue of import commodities. The goods, which are imported by the
national foreign trade corporations engaged in specialized import and
export business, or by import and export companies attached to various
ministries, or by import and export companies attached to various
provincial governments referred to by the term "companies" mentioned in
the preceding paragraph, shall, with the exception of those goods under
import restrictions imposed by the state, be exempt from the import
licences, and the Customs shall give clearance against the relevant import
documents.
All departments and enterprises without the approval of the state to
engage in import business are forbidden to import goods without
authorization.
Article 5
The goods which are imported in accordance with the provisions of the
state, and with the approval of the relevant ministries or commissions
under the State Council or of the people's governments of the respective
provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, for executing various agreements and contracts
concluded with parties from abroad for processing supplied materials, for
assembling supplied parts and components, for compensation trade, or for
contracting of construction projects, and which have not exceeded the
scope of the approved items, shall be exempt from import licences.
However, where the importation with respect to the compensation trade or
the contracting of construction projects goods under import restrictions
by the state; or where the materials or the parts and components or the
finished products after processing, imported for executing contracts for
processing supplied materials or for assembling supplied parts and
components are needed to diverse for domestic sale, an application must
filed for obtaining an import licence.
Article 6
In respect of the importation of goods under import restrictions imposed
by the state, irrespective of their forms of import, sources of foreign
exchange, and channels for import, the matter shall be submitted to the
competent administrative departments and the relevant examining
departments for examination and approval in accordance with the scope of
competence and limits of authority for examination and approval provided
by the state; and then, the ordering units shall apply for the import
licences by presenting the approval document.
The varieties of goods under import restrictions imposed by the state
shall be uniformly adjusted and made known to the public by the Ministry
of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade in accordance with the provisions
formulated by the state.
Article 7
The following imports, which do not fall under the scope of varieties
stipulated in the second paragraph of the preceding article, shall be
exempt from the import licences:
1. samples purchased or provided free of charge by foreign businessmen, in
the course of import and export business, by various categories of
companies which have been approved by the state to engage in import and
export business;
2. articles urgently required for professional usage which are purchased
from abroad at the international market price of 5,000 U.S. dollars or
less, by such departments as scientific research, education, culture,
physical culture, medicine, and public health, with the approval of the
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, or the administrative
departments of foreign economic relations and trade at the provincial
level, or the accredited representatives' offices of the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at various ports;
3. machinery and electrical instruments and fittings urgently required in
production which are purchased from abroad by industrial or mining
enterprises at the international market price of 5,000 U.S. dollars or
less, with the approval of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, or the administrative departments of foreign economic relations and
trade at the provincial level, or the accredited representatives' offices
of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at
various ports;
4. commodities imported with the special approval by the state.
The Customs shall give clearance to the imported goods mentioned in Items
2, 3 and 4 of the preceding paragraph against the approval documents.
4 of the preceding paragraph against the approval documents.
Article 8
With respect to the goods purchased as mentioned in Items 2 and 3 of the
first paragraph of the preceding article, if they are bought at an
international market price that exceeds the prescribed limit, an
application must be filed for obtaining the import licences. If
departments or public institutions other than those mentioned in Items 2
and 3 of the first paragraph of the preceding article are to purchase from
abroad the urgently required articles, they must also apply for obtaining
the import licences.
Article 9
With respect to the goods and materials required in production by Chinese-
foreign equity joint ventures, if they cannot be obtained in the domestic
market, the aforesaid equity joint ventures may order them from abroad
through the relevant foreign trade companies, or the equity joint ventures
may, within their scope of business operation, import the goods and
materials by themselves. Matters concerning the scope of and the
procedures for the import licences shall be handled in accordance with the
provisions of Article 63 of the Rules for the Implementation of the Law of
the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures.
Article 10
Under any one of the following circumstances, the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade shall not issue the import licence, or revoke
the import licence already issued:
1. goods the importation of which the state has decided to stop or to stop
for the time being;
2. goods the importation of which is not in conformity with the foreign
policy of the state;
3. the imported goods that are not in conformity with the contents of
bilateral trade agreements or the agreements of payment;
4. the imported goods that are not in conformity with the sanitation
criteria or the quarantine criteria for medicine, foodstuff, animals and
plants, agricultural products, livestock products, aquatic products, as
set by the state public health departments and the departments of
agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery;
5. other imported goods that jeopardize the interests of the state, or
that are handled illegally.
Article 11
To apply for the import licence, the applicant must present an official
certifying letter issued by a unit at the provincial department or bureau
level or higher, and submit also the certifying document indicating the
approval of the importation of the said goods by the relevant competent
administrative departments and the examining departments. The application
shall contain such items as the names of the imported goods,
specifications, quantity, amount of money paid, purposes of usage, the
country from which the goods are to be imported, sources of foreign
exchange, and the domestic units that shall conclude the transaction with
external units. The licence issuing department shall issue the import
licence after it has examined the application and found it to be in
conformity with relevant provisions.
In applying for the licence for import goods, the applying unit must make
the application strictly according to the facts and must not resort to
deception or trickery. Violators shall be investigated and punished.
Article 12
The term of validity of the import licence shall be one year. In the event
that within the term of validity the goods have not been imported, the
unit that holds the licence may make an application to the licence issuing
authorities for an extension of the term of validity; the licence issuing
authorities may, in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant
contract, extend the term of validity accordingly.
Article 13
In the event of a violation of the provisions of these Regulations, with
respect to the goods imported arbitrarily without applying for the import
licence in advance, the Customs may confiscate the goods or give an order
for the goods to be shipped back; where the importation has been verified
by the licence issuing department and the import licence has been issued
afterwards, the Customs may, at its discretion, impose a fine on the
violator and then give clearance. With respect to the forgery, alteration
or illegal transfer of the import licence, the case shall be dealt with by
the Customs in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Customs
laws and regulations.
Article 14
Matters concerning goods imported by the special economic zones for the
use within the special economic zones shall be handled in accordance with
the special provisions of the special economic zones; matters concerning
the imported goods and the goods manufactured in the special economic
zones, which are to be transported to the inland of the country, shall all
be handled in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.
Article 15
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Regulations; and the rules for the
implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated jointly by the
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade and the General
Administration of Customs.
Article 16
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
元素在体制上的自我实现也受体制束缚，元素只能在这种束缚下实现自我。体制总归是一些影响和制约的总和，对元素来讲，体制是外在力量，这种力量助长或者限制其自我实现。当然元素本身也构成体制的力量，作用和影响于其它元素的自我实现。
如果体制上某些元素难以自我实现，特别是这种难以实现主要源于体制上的束缚，就应考虑是否存有体制弊端；反之，如果体制上某些元素的自我实现超好，体制束缚太松，从而影响其它元素的自我实现，这也应考虑是否属于体制弊端。
体制健康应界定为所有元素的自我实现，也就是说体制上每一个元素的自我实现均处于理想状态，才构成一个健康的体制。
体制的优良与否应综合分析体制上所有元素的自我实现。
下面我以人体、一般社会组织体和司法体为例分析这些观点。
以人体为例，各个器官都要自我实现——器官功能的正常发挥即是器官的自我实现。任何一个器官不能自我实现都会使人体病变。人体健康在根本上要求所有元素的自我实现，并非只希求部分元素自我实现，而忽略其余。心肝肺脾功能各异，但是各自正常自我实现才构成健康的人体；眼耳口鼻手足都为脑所用，然而并无贵贱高低之分，任一元素不能不自我实现均可损害人体健康。所以健康的人体要求人体上任一元素都处于自我实现的状态，尽管各个元素自我实现的内容并不相同。
同时，元素的这种自我实现既需要体制的助长，也受体制的束缚。以胃为例，这个器官以消化食物为乐。如果正常消化，它是快乐和自我实现的。但是，它在体制上的自我实现必须依靠心脏供给血液等等，人体上的其它元素为它的自我实现创造了条件，可以说只有在人体之中，胃才成其为胃。同时，胃又不能过于自我实现。如果消化功能超强，一胃独大，势必加重心脏负担，削弱大脑的血液供给等等，一定会影响其它元素的自我实现，从而产生体制病变。所以，胃只有在这种助长和制约的适度空间下，充分实现自我又不影响其它器官的自我实现，自身才最为舒适，人体也最为健康。所以体制的助长和束缚力应在元素自我实现的层面实现均衡，这样元素和体制都将处于舒适自然的状态。两者的紧密联系是：所有元素的自我实现促进了人体的均衡健康，这种均衡又反过来保证了所有元素的自我实现。
在社会上，同样有很多体制可以相对分析。
在企业单位，从领导到普通员工，就形成了一个体系。单位内部不同的科室和部门也形成一个体系。它们正像人体上的器官，都有自己的功能。所有元素的自我实现就是整个体制健康的基本要求。
董事长可以坐在舒适的办公室处理公司事务，而技术工人可以在脏累的车间辛苦劳作，如果两者均自我实现，那么他们就都是快乐的，尽管工作环境、内容和权限有很大不同。相反，如果董事长不断的对一线工人指手划脚，以致于工人无所适从成为附属，如果工人不能自我实现，只剩下董事长的自我实现，那么，这一体制就存有弊端。如果能压缩董事长自我实现空间，保障一线工人正常的自我实现，这一体制将改良。所有元素的自我实现是体制健康的基本要求。
在不同级别的组织机构之间也存在这个关系。比如上级行政机关与下级行政机关构成的行政体制中，如果上级行政机关太强，以致于影响和制约了下级行政机关的自我实现，就会出现下级成为上级的附属。从而体制呆板，没有活性和创造力，处于病态。如果上下级都能充分自我实现，整个国家行政体就是一个健康的体制。
在法院系统也是如此。从最高院到最基层人民法院每一级法院都是法院系统上的一个元素。这一系统是否健康要考察每一个元素的自我实现。如果只是上级法院发号司令，下级法院只需要服从，或者说上级法院自我实现能力超好，以致于下级法院成为附属，体制应界定为不良。比如，一审法院案件审理过程中向二审法院请示案件的处理，然后按照二审的指示处结。在这里一审法院的自我实现被削弱，案件本该由其自行审判不应由二审法院做出指示。但是基于上下级法院以及办案法官个人利害等因素的制约，使一审成为二审的附属，上下级法院的这种关系应界定为体制弊病。因为它缺少一审法院的自我实现，尽管请示也是其“情愿”。
在体制内不同元素的权限定然有异，但它们自我实现的需求并无差异。下级法院本就受制于上级法院，但是他们完全可以在各自职责范围内自我实现并快乐着。否则，就是一个失衡有病需要改变的体制。
司法体制改革的目标应当是自上而下所有元素的自我实现。不仅仅是各级法院机关，而且应当是从最高院首席大法官到最基层法院最一线的审判员，体制应创造条件让他们自我实现。各级法院所有法官的自我实现是司法体制健康的基本要求，司法体制的健康也必能促进前者的自我实现。
如果在我们的审判体制上只少数人能够很好的自我实现，大多数人则成为附属，没有自我，不能发挥正常的功能，那么这就是一个需要改变的体制。我之追求正是体制上所有元素的自我实现，尽管他们各有自己不同的权限和功能，而这正好能促进体制之健康。
我由体制是元素对体制的服从，体制由我是元素的自我实现。所有元素的自我实现是体制健康的基本要求。而健康的体制又为所有元素的自我实现创造了条件。评价一个体制就要看是不是体制上所有元素均自我实现。如果体制有弊端，改进一个体制也是为了促进体制上所有元素的自我实现。如果所有元素均自我实现，体制就将均衡健康没有弊病。
因而体制上所有元素的自我实现是一件很重要的事情，我们分析研究体制时应密切关注体制上所有元素的自我实现。
中华人民共和国进口货物许可制度暂行条例(附英文)
中华人民共和国进口货物许可制度暂行条例(附英文)
1984年1月10日，国务院
第一条 为了加强进口贸易的计划管理，提高经济效益，更好地为社会主义现代化建设服务，特制定本条例。
第二条 中华人民共和国实行进口货物许可制度。凡属本条例规定凭证进口的货物，除国家另有规定者外，都必须事先申请领取进口货物许可证，经由国家批准经营该项进口业务的公司办理进口订货。海关凭进口货物许可证和其他有关单证查验放行。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部代表国家统一签发进口货物许可证。
省级对外经济贸易管理部门，在对外经济贸易部规定的范围内，可以签发本省、自治区、直辖市进口货物许可证。
对外经济贸易部也可以授权派驻主要口岸的特派员办事处，在规定的范围内签发进口货物许可证。
第四条 经国家批准，可以经营进口业务的各类公司，都必须严格按照批准的经营范围和进口商品目录办理进口业务。
前款公司中的外贸专业进出口总公司、部属进出口公司、省级人民政府所属进出口公司进口的货物，除国家限制进口者外，免领进口货物许可证，海关凭有关进口单证查验放行。其他公司进口货物，都必须申请领取进口货物许可证，海关凭进口货物许可证和有关单证查验放行。
禁止未经批准经营进口业务的部门、企业自行进口货物。
第五条 根据国家规定，经国务院有关部委或省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，对外签订的来料加工、来件装配、补偿贸易、承包工程的协议、合同项下的进口货物，没有超出批准项目范围的，免领进口货物许可证。但是，补偿贸易、承包工程项下进口国家限制进口的货物，以及来?
霞庸ぁ⒗醇芭湎钕陆诘牧稀⒓蚣庸さ某善罚枰谙模急匦肷昵肓烊〗诨跷镄砜芍ぁ?
第六条 进口国家限制进口的货物，不分进口方式、外汇来源、进口渠道，都必须按照国家规定的审批权限，报经主管部门和归口审查部门审核批准，由订货单位凭批准证件申请领取进口货物许可证。
国家限制进口货物的品种，由对外经济贸易部根据国家规定统一公布、调整。
第七条 下列进口，不属于前条第二款品种范围的，免领进口货物许可证：
一、经国家批准，可以经营进出口业务的各类公司，在进出口贸易中，购进的或接受外商免费提供的货样；
二、科研、教育、文化、体育、医药、卫生部门经对外经济贸易部、省级对外经济贸易管理部门或对外经济贸易部驻口岸特派员办事处批准，自行在国外购买国际市场价格在五千美元以下的急需的业务用品；
三、厂矿企业经对外经济贸易部、省级对外经济贸易管理部门或对外经济贸易部驻口岸特派员办事处批准，自行在国外购买国际市场价格在五千美元以下的生产急需的机电仪配件；
四、经国家特别批准进口的商品。
前款第二项、第三项、第四项进口物品，海关凭批准的证件查验放行。
第八条 前条第一款第二项、第三项自行购买的物品，国际市场价格超过规定限额的，必须申请领取进口货物许可证。
前条第一款第二项、第三项以外的机关、团体，自行在国外购买急需物品进口，也必须申请领取进口货物许可证。
第九条 中外合资经营企业生产所需物资，国内不能供应的，可以委托有关外贸公司向国外订购，也可以在该企业经营范围内自行进口。申请领取进口货物许可证的范围、手续，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例》第六十三条的规定办理。
第十条 在下列情况下，对外经济贸易部不签发或撤销已经签发的进口货物许可证：
一、国家决定停止进口或暂停进口的货物；
二、不符合国家对外政策的进口货物；
三、不符合有关双边贸易协定、支付协定内容的进口货物；
四、不符合国家卫生部门、农牧渔业部门规定的药品、食品、动植物、农产品、畜产品、水产品的卫生标准、检疫标准的进口货物；
五、其他有损国家利益或违法经营的进口货物。
第十一条 申请领取进口货物许可证，必须持有厅、局级以上单位的公函，并提交经主管部门和归口审查部门批准进口的证件。申请内容包括进口货物名称、规格、数量、金额、用途、进口国别、外汇来源、对外成交单位等项目。经发证机关审核，符合规定的，予以签发进口货物许可
证。
申请单位领取进口货物许可证，必须如实申报，不得弄虚作假。违者，追究责任。
第十二条 进口货物许可证的有效期限为一年。货物在有效期限内没有进口，领证单位可以向发证机关申请展期，发证机关可以根据合同规定相应延长许可证有效期限。
第十三条 违反本条例规定，事先没有申请领取许可证而擅自进口货物的，海关可以没收货物或责令退运；经发证机关核准补证进口的，海关可以酌情处以罚款后放行。伪造、涂改、转让进口货物许可证的，海关按照海关法规的有关规定处理。
第十四条 经济特区进口供特区内使用的货物，按照经济特区的特别规定办理；经济特区运往内地的进口货物、特区产品，都应当按照本条例规定执行。
第十五条 本条例由对外经济贸易部负责解释；施行细则由对外经济贸易部会同海关总署制定。
第十六条 本条例自发布之日起施行。
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THELICENCING SYSTEM FOR IMPORT COMMODITIES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
LICENCING SYSTEM FOR IMPORT COMMODITIES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 10, 1984)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated to strengthen planning and administration
of imports, and to upgrade the economic efficiency, so as to facilitate
the construction of socialist modernization.
Article 2
The People's Republic of China implements the licencing system for import
commodities. With respect to all those commodities subject to a licence
for import as stipulated in these Regulations, except as otherwise
provided by the state, an application must be filed in advance for
obtaining an import licence, and the import order for the required
commodities shall be handled by a company approved by the state to be
engaged in the import business of the said commodities. The Customs shall
give clearance against the import licences and other relevant documents.
Article 3
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of the People's
Republic of China shall, on behalf of the state, be responsible for the
unified issue of the import licences. The departments of foreign economic
relations and trade at the provincial level may, within the scope of
competence prescribed by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, issue import licences related to the importation of the respective
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
may also authorize its accredited representatives' offices stationed at
the main ports to issue, within the prescribed scope of competence, the
import licences.
Article 4
Various categories of companies that have been approved by the state to
engage in import business must handle the import business operations
strictly in accordance with the approved scope of business and with the
catalogue of import commodities. The goods, which are imported by the
national foreign trade corporations engaged in specialized import and
export business, or by import and export companies attached to various
ministries, or by import and export companies attached to various
provincial governments referred to by the term "companies" mentioned in
the preceding paragraph, shall, with the exception of those goods under
import restrictions imposed by the state, be exempt from the import
licences, and the Customs shall give clearance against the relevant import
documents.
All departments and enterprises without the approval of the state to
engage in import business are forbidden to import goods without
authorization.
Article 5
The goods which are imported in accordance with the provisions of the
state, and with the approval of the relevant ministries or commissions
under the State Council or of the people's governments of the respective
provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, for executing various agreements and contracts
concluded with parties from abroad for processing supplied materials, for
assembling supplied parts and components, for compensation trade, or for
contracting of construction projects, and which have not exceeded the
scope of the approved items, shall be exempt from import licences.
However, where the importation with respect to the compensation trade or
the contracting of construction projects goods under import restrictions
by the state; or where the materials or the parts and components or the
finished products after processing, imported for executing contracts for
processing supplied materials or for assembling supplied parts and
components are needed to diverse for domestic sale, an application must
filed for obtaining an import licence.
Article 6
In respect of the importation of goods under import restrictions imposed
by the state, irrespective of their forms of import, sources of foreign
exchange, and channels for import, the matter shall be submitted to the
competent administrative departments and the relevant examining
departments for examination and approval in accordance with the scope of
competence and limits of authority for examination and approval provided
by the state; and then, the ordering units shall apply for the import
licences by presenting the approval document.
The varieties of goods under import restrictions imposed by the state
shall be uniformly adjusted and made known to the public by the Ministry
of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade in accordance with the provisions
formulated by the state.
Article 7
The following imports, which do not fall under the scope of varieties
stipulated in the second paragraph of the preceding article, shall be
exempt from the import licences:
1. samples purchased or provided free of charge by foreign businessmen, in
the course of import and export business, by various categories of
companies which have been approved by the state to engage in import and
export business;
2. articles urgently required for professional usage which are purchased
from abroad at the international market price of 5,000 U.S. dollars or
less, by such departments as scientific research, education, culture,
physical culture, medicine, and public health, with the approval of the
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, or the administrative
departments of foreign economic relations and trade at the provincial
level, or the accredited representatives' offices of the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at various ports;
3. machinery and electrical instruments and fittings urgently required in
production which are purchased from abroad by industrial or mining
enterprises at the international market price of 5,000 U.S. dollars or
less, with the approval of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, or the administrative departments of foreign economic relations and
trade at the provincial level, or the accredited representatives' offices
of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade stationed at
various ports;
4. commodities imported with the special approval by the state.
The Customs shall give clearance to the imported goods mentioned in Items
2, 3 and 4 of the preceding paragraph against the approval documents.
4 of the preceding paragraph against the approval documents.
Article 8
With respect to the goods purchased as mentioned in Items 2 and 3 of the
first paragraph of the preceding article, if they are bought at an
international market price that exceeds the prescribed limit, an
application must be filed for obtaining the import licences. If
departments or public institutions other than those mentioned in Items 2
and 3 of the first paragraph of the preceding article are to purchase from
abroad the urgently required articles, they must also apply for obtaining
the import licences.
Article 9
With respect to the goods and materials required in production by Chinese-
foreign equity joint ventures, if they cannot be obtained in the domestic
market, the aforesaid equity joint ventures may order them from abroad
through the relevant foreign trade companies, or the equity joint ventures
may, within their scope of business operation, import the goods and
materials by themselves. Matters concerning the scope of and the
procedures for the import licences shall be handled in accordance with the
provisions of Article 63 of the Rules for the Implementation of the Law of
the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures.
Article 10
Under any one of the following circumstances, the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade shall not issue the import licence, or revoke
the import licence already issued:
1. goods the importation of which the state has decided to stop or to stop
for the time being;
2. goods the importation of which is not in conformity with the foreign
policy of the state;
3. the imported goods that are not in conformity with the contents of
bilateral trade agreements or the agreements of payment;
4. the imported goods that are not in conformity with the sanitation
criteria or the quarantine criteria for medicine, foodstuff, animals and
plants, agricultural products, livestock products, aquatic products, as
set by the state public health departments and the departments of
agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery;
5. other imported goods that jeopardize the interests of the state, or
that are handled illegally.
Article 11
To apply for the import licence, the applicant must present an official
certifying letter issued by a unit at the provincial department or bureau
level or higher, and submit also the certifying document indicating the
approval of the importation of the said goods by the relevant competent
administrative departments and the examining departments. The application
shall contain such items as the names of the imported goods,
specifications, quantity, amount of money paid, purposes of usage, the
country from which the goods are to be imported, sources of foreign
exchange, and the domestic units that shall conclude the transaction with
external units. The licence issuing department shall issue the import
licence after it has examined the application and found it to be in
conformity with relevant provisions.
In applying for the licence for import goods, the applying unit must make
the application strictly according to the facts and must not resort to
deception or trickery. Violators shall be investigated and punished.
Article 12
The term of validity of the import licence shall be one year. In the event
that within the term of validity the goods have not been imported, the
unit that holds the licence may make an application to the licence issuing
authorities for an extension of the term of validity; the licence issuing
authorities may, in accordance with the stipulations of the relevant
contract, extend the term of validity accordingly.
Article 13
In the event of a violation of the provisions of these Regulations, with
respect to the goods imported arbitrarily without applying for the import
licence in advance, the Customs may confiscate the goods or give an order
for the goods to be shipped back; where the importation has been verified
by the licence issuing department and the import licence has been issued
afterwards, the Customs may, at its discretion, impose a fine on the
violator and then give clearance. With respect to the forgery, alteration
or illegal transfer of the import licence, the case shall be dealt with by
the Customs in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Customs
laws and regulations.
Article 14
Matters concerning goods imported by the special economic zones for the
use within the special economic zones shall be handled in accordance with
the special provisions of the special economic zones; matters concerning
the imported goods and the goods manufactured in the special economic
zones, which are to be transported to the inland of the country, shall all
be handled in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.
Article 15
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Regulations; and the rules for the
implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated jointly by the
Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade and the General
Administration of Customs.
Article 16
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
